CLC bio developed some of their own open source algorithms, as well as their own SIMD-accelerated implementations of several existing popular applications.
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Software ĬLC bio's main activities were in software development for desktop ( Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux), enterprise, and cloud software for analysis of biological data. ĬLC bio was acquired by QIAGEN in 2013 and merged into its bioinformatics research and development division with several other purchased platforms in 2014. By 2012, it had additional offices in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Tokyo, Taipei and Delhi, with staff largely from research backgrounds (30% having a PhD) and had built a userbase of around 250,000 users in both academic institutions and biotechnology companies. Its product's development was also partly funded by collaborating with researchers on grant-funded projects. botulinum group III, have rarely occurred, this new toxin type might pose little threat to human health.CLC bio was a bioinformatics software company that developed a software suite subsequently purchased by QIAGEN.ĬLC bio started commercial activities on Januheadquartered in Aarhus, Denmark.
However, given that human infections with a similar toxin type, C. The risk for human infection with this new toxin type should also be investigated in future research. botulinum carrying the bont gene reported in this study. Further investigation is needed to determine the proportion of C. It should be noted that, because not all type C strains were subjected to sequencing, the presence of the bont gene (LC759602) as type C, as determined by typing PCR, might already exist in other samples. The bont gene (LC759602) was determined to be BoNT/C using PCR, which can easily distinguish between types C, D, CD, and DC of C. However, BoNT/DC has been reported to interact with gangliosides and protein receptors (synaptotagmin I and II) ( 5). Unlike other BoNTs, BoNT/C interacts only with gangliosides, and no protein receptor for this toxin has been identified ( 4). The bont gene (LC759602) possesses the bont/DC gene in the H C domain, suggesting that human susceptibility to this gene might differ from that of the reference BoNT/C toxin. The H C domain is involved in neurotoxin binding to specific receptors in peripheral nerve terminals. The bont gene (LC759602) has not been previously reported, and we propose its designation as a new subtype of C. Detailed analysis revealed that the bont gene (LC759602) had the bont/C gene or the bont/CD gene in the protease domain (LC) and the translocation domain (H N), as well as the bont/DC gene in the receptor-binding domain (H C) ( Table Figure). In comparison with other known bont genes, the bont gene of the strain sequenced in this study had the highest amino acid sequence similarity with the bont/C gene (90%) but was partially different from the reference bont/C gene ( Table). The obtained contig was assembled from reads of 59× coverage and 29 kbp in size. We analyzed sequencing data using CLC Genomics Workbench 22.0.2 (QIAGEN). We prepared genome-sequencing libraries using the QIAseq FX DNA Library Kit (QIAGEN) and sequenced the samples on the Illumina iSeq 100 ( ). botulinum with 20 mg/mL lysozyme in 20 mM Tris-HCl, 2 mM EDTA, and 1% Triton X-100 (pH 8.0), we extracted DNA using a QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN, ). The next-generation sequencing method was as follows: after treating C. Next-generation sequencing data revealed full-length coding regions of the bont gene of the isolated strains (GenBank accession no.
We neutralized the toxin present in the specimens with type C botulinum antitoxin serum, and the isolated strain was found to carry the bont/C gene using PCR targeting the bont genes ( 3). A commercially prepared chicken dish was suspected to be the cause, but because no food was remaining, we were unable to conduct tests on it. botulinum were detected in 3 of the 4 specimens. A meal eaten in a domestic residence was the assumed cause, and 4 patients were affected. In 2021, foodborne botulism occurred in Kumamoto, Japan. Schematic diagrams of each functional domain between BoNT (C, CD, DC, D, and LC759602) in study of novel type C botulism strain in household outbreak, Japan.
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